Panitia Fizik Sek Men Teknik Perdagangan JB

Salji

2011-08-15T22:00:00.000-07:00

WELLINGTON 15 Ogos - Penduduk New Zealand hari ini dikejutkan dengan keadaan cuaca pelik iaitu angin kuat yang datang dari Antartik dan membawa salji lebat turun di negara itu dan mengakibatkan penutupan jalan raya, lapangan terbang serta sekolah.

South Island merupakan kawasan yang paling teruk dilanda ribut tersebut tetapi ibu negara, Wellington di North Island menerima salji yang turun paling banyak dalam tempoh 40 tahun.

Ahli kaji cuaca memberi amaran cuaca akan bertambah buruk selepas ini kerana mereka menjangkakan salji akan turun dengan lebatnya di kawasan pergunungan di sekeliling Auckland, 66 kilometer ke arah utara.

Pihak berkuasa memberi amaran kepada orang ramai terutama yang tinggal di kawasan yang paling teruk untuk tidak keluar dari rumah mereka.

Kebanyakan jalan utama di South Island tidak dapat dilalui dan polis menutup dua lebuh raya utama yang menghubungkan Auckland dan Wellington.

Lapangan terbang di Christchurch, Queenstown dan Dunedin ditutup, menyebabkan 150 orang penumpang yang terkandas untuk tinggal semalaman di dalam lapangan terbang tersebut.

Cuaca pelik itu disifatkan sebagai ribut yang hanya berlaku sekali seumur hidup sahaja dan lebih banyak salji dijangka akan turun selepas ini sehingga hujung minggu ini.

Utusan Malaysia..

2011-07-11T05:49:00.000-07:00

Y. Bhg. Datuk/ Dato’/ Prof./ Prof. Madya/ Dr./Tuan/Puan,

JEMPUTAN KE MAJLIS SYARAHAN PLANETARIUM MENGENAI CUACA ANGKASA YANG BERTAJUK ‘THE BENEFITS AND PERILS OF LIVING IN THE SPACE AGE’ OLEH DR MARK MOLDWIN DARI UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN, USA

Dengan segala hormatnya saya merujuk kepada perkara di atas.

2. Untuk makluman, Agensi Angkasa Negara (ANGKASA) sebagai koordinator bagi program cuaca angkasa di Malaysia sedang giat menjalankan aktiviti penyelidikan/pendidikan dan kesedaran umum dalam bidang cuaca angkasa melalui kerjasama tempatan dan antarabangsa khususnya melalui International Space Weather Inisiative (ISWI).

3. Sehubungan dengan itu, ANGKASA akan menganjurkan satu syarahan umum untuk berkongsi dengan masyarakat mengenai kepentingan cuaca angkasa dan impaknya kepada kehidupan. Sehubungan dengan itu, ANGKASA telah menjemput seorang pakar cuaca angkasa iaitu Dr. Mark Moldwin dari University of Michigan, USA untuk menyampaikan satu syarahan umum yang bertajuk ”The Benefits and Perils of Living in the Space Age”. Sehubungan dengan itu, ANGKASA dengan berbesar hati menjemput Y.Bhg. Datuk/Dato’/Prof./Dr./Tuan/Puan untuk bersama-sama hadir ke sesi syarahan yang akan diadakan seperti butiran di bawah :-

Tarikh : 19 Julai 2011

Masa : 0945

Tempat : Teatret,

Planetarium Negara, Jalan Perdana, Kuala Lumpur

(berhampiran dengan Masjid Negara dan Taman Burung)

Untuk maklumat lanjut mengenai syarahan ini, Y.Bhg Dato’/Prof./Dr./Tuan/Puan boleh menghubungi pegawai yang bertanggungjawab seperti di bawah:

Nama : Farahana Kamarudin, Zulia Kurnia Dewi Nurlisman

Email : farahana@angkasa.gov.my; zulia@angkasa.gov.my

Tel : 03-8888 8668 / 019-2126866 / 017-2866743

4. ANGKASA juga mengambil kesempatan ini untuk memohon jasa baik Y.Bhg Datuk/Dato’/Prof./Dr./Tuan/Puan untuk memanjangkan jemputan ini kepada warga organisasi masing-masing. Sokongan dan kesudian Y.Bhg Dato’/Prof./Dr./Tuan/Puan dalam menjayakan majlis ilmu ini amatlah dihargai.

Sekian, terima kasih.

2011-04-11T17:31:00.000-07:00

Race to the Moon for Nuclear Fuel John Lasker 12.15.06 NASA's planned moon base announced last week could pave the way for deeper space exploration to Mars, but one of the biggest beneficiaries may be the terrestrial energy industry. Nestled among the agency's 200-point mission goals is a proposal to mine the moon for fuel used in fusion reactors -- futuristic power plants that have been demonstrated in proof-of-concept but are likely decades away from commercial deployment. Helium-3 is considered a safe, environmentally friendly fuel candidate for these generators, and while it is scarce on Earth it is plentiful on the moon. As a result, scientists have begun to consider the practicality of mining lunar Helium-3 as a replacement for fossil fuels. "After four-and-half-billion years, there should be large amounts of helium-3 on the moon," said Gerald Kulcinski, a professor who leads the Fusion Technology Institute at the University of Wisconsin at Madison. Last year NASA administrator Mike Griffin named Kulcinski to lead a number of committees reporting to NASA's influential NASA Advisory Council, its preeminent civilian leadership arm. The Council is chaired by Apollo 17 astronaut Harrison Hagan "Jack" Schmitt, a leading proponent of mining the moon for helium 3. Schmitt, who holds the distance record for driving a NASA rover on the moon (22 miles through the Taurus-Littrow valley), is also a former U.S. senator (R-New Mexico). The Council was restructured last year with a new mission: implementing President Bush's "Vision for Space Exploration," which targets Mars as its ultimate destination. Other prominent members of the Council include ex-astronaut Neil Armstrong. Schmitt and Kulcinski are longtime friends and academic partners, and are known as helium-3 fusion's biggest promoters. At the Fusion Technology Institute, Kulcinski's team has produced small-scale helium-3 fusion reactions in the basketball-sized fusion device. The reactor produced one milliwatt of power on a continuous basis. While still theoretical, nuclear fusion is touted as a safer, more sustainable way to generate nuclear energy: Fusion plants produce much less radioactive waste, especially if powered by helium-3. But experts say commercial-sized fusion reactors are at least 50 years away. The isotope is extremely rare on Earth but abundant on the moon. Some experts estimate there a millions of tons in lunar soil -- and that a single Space-Shuttle load would power the entire United States for a year. NASA plans to have a permanent moon base by 2024, but America is not the only nation with plans for a moon base. China, India, the European Space Agency, and at least one Russian corporation, Energia, have visions of building manned lunar bases post-2020. Mining the moon for helium-3 has been discussed widely in space circles and international space conferences. Both China and Russia have stated their nations' interest in helium-3. "We will provide the most reliable report on helium-3 to mankind," Ouyang Ziyuan, the chief scientist of China's lunar program, told a Chinese newspaper. "Whoever first conquers the moon will benef

RADIATION

2011-03-29T16:56:00.000-07:00

Is all radiation harmful?

No. There are two types of radiation: non-ionizing and ionizing. Non-ionizing radiation includes infrared radiation, radio waves, cellphone radiation and the radiation we use to cook food in a microwave. Such radiation does not break chemical bonds. If it is very intense, it can heat up tissues; otherwise, it does not have significant effects. It is not believed to cause cancer. Ionizing radiation is much more dangerous because it does break chemical bonds and thus does cause cancer. Examples of this kind of radiation include X-rays, gamma rays and the alpha or beta particles emitted by radioactive elements as they decay.

What happens when someone is exposed to ionizing radiation?

That depends on how long you are exposed. The initial symptoms are identical to those suffered by a person undergoing radiation therapy for cancer. The first signs include nausea and fatigue, then vomiting. After that comes hair loss and diarrhea. For radiotherapy for tumors, the exposure generally stops after that point and the symptoms are controlled. But with heavier exposure, the next stage is generally destruction of the intestinal lining and worse diarrhea and dehydration, then central nervous system damage. After that comes loss of consciousness and, inevitably, death.

How does radiation released from nuclear plants compare with a nuclear bomb?

A nuclear explosion produces two types of radiation that has lethal effects. The blast itself produces X-rays and gamma rays that irradiate anyone near the site, usually with a lethal or near-lethal dose of radiation. Most of the 166,000 Japanese who died at Hiroshima in the first four months after the atomic bombing suffered from this type of radiation, which killed them directly or aggravated other injuries suffered in the blast. It also produces clouds of radioactive ash that includes cesium-137, iodine-131, radioactive strontium and a host of other long-lived byproducts of the explosion — known collectively as fallout. This material can collect on skin and clothing, where it can emit radiation that pierces the skin. More important, it can accumulate in food, milk, water and other products that are ingested. It is not clear how many Hiroshima residents died of cancer from this source, but some estimates put it at more than 100,000. Fukushima is not emitting gamma or X-irradiation. Most of the radioactivity is in the form of radiocesium and radioiodine, which are byproducts of the fission of uranium in the fuel rods. What makes cesium-137 and iodine-131 dangerous? Iodine-131 is absorbed preferentially in the thyroid gland, where it can cause tumors. It has a half-life of eight days and is most dangerous to children because it damages rapidly dividing cells. The problem can be substantially ameliorated by taking tablets of ordinary iodine, which bind to the thyroid and prevent the radioactive iodine from binding. Cesium-137, which has a half-life of 30 years, is more serious. It is a salt that acts like potassium and goes everywhere in the body. It is absorbed into soft tissues, causing sarcomas. It contaminates food, water and milk and gets into the body when those things are ingested. Contamination with cesium-137 is one of the main reasons large areas of land had to be abandoned in the wake of the Chernobyl disaster in 1986.

How much exposure is enough to make someone sick?

The biological risk of exposure to radiation is measured in sieverts, or Sv. An exposure of 500,000 microsieverts, or µSv, can lead to nausea and fatigue within hours. A dose of 750,000 µSv causes hair loss within two or three weeks, and a dose of 1 million µSv will cause hemorrhage. Death usually occurs at a dose of 4 million µSv. In terms of long-term effects, experts estimate that if 10,000 people were each exposed to 10,000 µSv of ionizing radiation in small doses over a lifetime, about five or six more people in the group would die of cancer than would be expected without the radiation exposure. What were the health consequences of Chernobyl and Three Mile Island? In the case of Chernobyl, United Nations reports have estimated that fewer than 50 people had died of causes directly related to radiation exposure. Most were rescue workers who had received high radiation doses; 28 died within the first few months. As many as 4,000 people are expected to eventually die of radiation-related causes. A 2005 report said about 4,000 thyroid cancers were directly related to radiation exposure, mostly in people who were children or adolescents at the time of the disaster and drank milk highly contaminated with radioactive iodine. At least nine died. To track the health fallout of the 1979 Three Mile Island disaster, the Pennsylvania Department of Health kept a registry of more than 30,000 people who lived within five miles of the site at the time. Finding little evidence of significantly changed cancer rates, it discontinued the database in 1997.

So how much radiation have people in Japan been exposed to? How risky is it?

The levels of exposure are unclear. Radiation levels were reported to have jumped to about 400,000 µSv per hour inside the Fukushima plant after an explosion Tuesday, although the levels subsided rapidly. Sustained exposure to this level of radiation would be extremely hazardous. Levels outside the plant would have been substantially lower. Civilians who have been exposed to radiation have been treated by simply getting their clothes washed and being given showers because the exposure has been so minimal. Workers in the plant will receive the highest exposure, but they are outfitted with full protective gear, wear radiation badges and work for shifts of only an hour or two at a time. According to news reports, radiation levels in Tokyo have been 10 times normal, which is still very low

subjective

2011-02-09T18:28:00.000-08:00

2011-01-06T20:01:00.000-08:00

National Space Agency (ANGKASA) is proudly present to you a brand New program coming New Year 2011. This program is known as “Ideas for Try Zero G in Space”. The program is actually the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) educational program in the International Space Station (ISS). The purpose of this program is to show the difference of science phenomenon between 0G (in ISS) and 1G (on Earth) for educational purpose. Astronaut who stay in ISS will demonstrate the educational activity according to the experimental procedure proposed by teachers or students and it will be recorded by the High Definition video camera. The coming next Ideas for Try Zero G in Space experiments will be attempted by astronaut Furukawa during his long stay mission in Japanese experiment module, KIBO on the ISS around March 2011. Therefore ANGKASA & JAXA are working together to look for ideas from you!

How? Well, it’s easy, all you have to do is to come up with an idea (or perhaps more ideas) of the basic science experiment with some simple and easy understand explanation on its procedure as well as the expected outcome. The experiment must be simple, easy to understand by children and easy to be carried out by Japanese Astronaut Furukawa during his next long stay mission in Japanese experiment module, Kibo on the ISS. Then send us you ideas by filling up the application form (attach together with this email) and send it (via postal mail, email, fax or website) to ANGKASA by 25 January 2011 (Tuesday) before 5pm. I know time is too short but why not give it a try, who knows your ideas maybe selected for next year “Ideas for Try Zero G in Space”.

More details about this program can be found in “Ideas for Try Zero G in Space.pdf”. Please be informed that we are currently working on updating our website for the details information of this program with some useful links to the experimental videos recorded previously by JAXA. So stay tune and check up our website frequently for the next two or three to get more inspiration to create your own unique and novel ideas.

Please do not hesitate to contact me (lau@angkasa.gov.my) or my colleagues Mr. Jong Tze Kian (ltkjong@angkasa.gov.my) or Ms Nur’ Fazilah (fazilah@angkasa.gov.my) if you have any queries.

Thank you for your attention.

Best regards

Lau Chen Chen

Research Officer
National Space Agency (ANGKASA)
National Planetarium
Lot 53, Jalan Perdana
50480 Kuala Lumpur

Tel : 03 – 2273 4303/ 5484 Fax : 03 – 2273 5488

Website : www.angkasa.gov.my/planetarium

physics

2010-12-13T01:24:00.000-08:00

LASER

2010-11-14T21:47:00.000-08:00

Today, lasers can be found almost everywhere, from telephone lines to cutting edge scientific research, supermarket scanners, and even cat toys.The first laser light was produced on May 16, 1960 at the Hughes Research Lab in Malibu, California when Theodore Maiman switched on his fist-sized device that flashed a bright red spot onto a photo-detector. Since then, lasers have become smaller, more powerful, and ubiquitous in modern technology.

Lasers have had an especially big impact on information technology. Sending data using digitized laser light signals over fiber optics has revolutionized the transfer of data. The IBM Roadrunner, the world's second fastest supercomputer, has over 45,000 lasers used for sending data across its 133,000 processing cores. Likewise, fiber optics make up the backbone of the Internet as nearly all data runs on fiber optic lines.

physics

2010-09-04T07:17:00.000-07:00

The Sun

2010-09-03T06:45:00.000-07:00

Fact about The sun

1. The age of the Sun is about 4.5 billion years. The location of Sun in Our solar system is on the edge of a spiral arm called Orion's Arm, and is one-half to two-thirds of the way (28,000 light-years) from the center of our Milky Way galaxy. The Sun, an ordinary star, contains more than 99.8% of the total mass of our solar system. The amount of the Sun's energy reaching the Earth's atmosphere (known as the Solar constant) is equivalent to 1.37 kw of electricity per square metre

The energy in the sunlight we see today started out in the core of the Sun 30,000 years ago - it spent most of this time passing through the dense atoms that make the sun and just 8 minutes to reach us once it had left the Sun

The Sun is our closest star and the centre of the Solar System. It is around four and a half thousand million years old and in 6 thousand million years or so, it is predicted that it will reach the end of its life (more on that further down). Currently however, it is an 'average' sized star, classified as a G2 type main sequence star. These can be found quite abundantly throughout the visible universe.

However, don't let this apparent 'normalness' of the Sun's size in comparison with other stars fool you - compared with anything else in our solar system, it is absolutely superlative. To give you an idea of its size, it has 333,400 times more mass than the Earth and contains 99.86% of the mass of the entire Solar System - this means Jupiter and all the other planets and asteroids put together only account for 0.14% of the mass of the Solar System. The Sun's core is so hot and dense that just a pinhead of its material could kill a person 160 kilometres away.

Every second the Sun loses 4.5 million tonnes of material, blown off to space - this means that in 42 million years it would lose enough material to make the Earth. However this high loss rate of mass is really rather insignificant when compared to the total mass of the Sun - over the past 4,500 million years it has barely lost a few hundredths of a percent of its total mass. Interestingly, all the light we see from the Sun comes from a layer 500km deep (the top 0.1%) and takes about 8.3 minutes to reach us down here on Earth. By contrast, radiation from its core takes about 170,000 years to make its way out to the surface, due to the high density of the mass it must travel through.

Viewed from the surface of the Earth, to normal human beings the Sun appears to be a simple, round uniform yellow ball. When observed in detail however, as the pictures show, this is far from being the case. In reality it has several well-defined layers leading up its surface, and above its surface it even has what could be termed it's atmosphere - the mystifyingly scorching hot solar corona.

An imaginary solar 'tourist', travelling out from the centre of the Sun, would begin his journey at a sweltering 15.6million°K in the core, gradually decreasing as he got further from the centre, eventually reaching just 5780 or so Kelvins in the photosphere - the Sun's 'surface'. However, the temperature would then begin to increase as he progresses through the Chromosphere, up to 10,000K, culminating in an a massive 1 million K (or higher) in the corona! The exact reason for this unexpectedly high temperature in the corona is still unknown, though recent research has ascertained that the energy needed to heat the corona to such high temperatures is somehow provided by the Sun's vast magnetic field.

The Sun was born, as mentioned earlier, about 4.5 thousand million years ago. Like all stars, it was formed when a cloud of gas of at least 100 Solar Masses, floating around the galaxy, got squeezed by an outside influence (e.g. a nearby supernova explosion or the pressure of a passing spiral arm of the galaxy) and started to collapse. After a while, the cloud (or 'nebula') would have reached a point at which it continued collapsing under its own weight, breaking up in the process to form many different stars. As the part that was to be the Sun collapsed further, it became more and more dense and increased in temperature. Under the increasingly strong influence of a central gravitational force, the mass would soon have formed a spherical shape, and when the temperature in the centre reached about 15 million°C, it got hot enough for nuclear reactions to start. The outward force created by these reactions acted as a stabilizing influence on the star, preventing further collapse, so the star eventually reached an equilibrium.

Nuclear Fusion

The Sun is now a stable star, though gradually increasing in luminosity. It is presently 'burning' hydrogen in its core, converting it into Helium by a nuclear fusion process. And here's where the extremely high temperature and pressure present in the core of the Sun comes in, for these conditions make it impossible for whole atoms to exist - instead the protons and electrons forming atoms are free to move sperately, thereby forming a plasma in the Solar core. The immense pressure of the Sun's weight then acts to push the protons and electrons closer together than they would be normally, and eventually to fuse together 4 Hydrogen nuclei (ie 4 protons), in a number of stages,

to end up with 1 helium nucleus (ie 2 protons and 2 neutrons).

However, the Helium nucleus formed actually contains very slightly less mass than
the 4 protons which formed it. This is because the rest of the mass is converted into pure energy in the ratio E=mc². This simple reaction, occurring on a vast scale inside the Sun's core, produces absolutely vast amounts of energy, and is the source of all electromagnetic radiation (and heat) coming from the Sun.
In fact about 700 million tons of Hydrogen are converted to Helium every second, releasing 5 million tons of pure energy.

The Sun's Future

However nuclear fusion can only keep happening for another four thousand million years or so, when Hydrogen will then run out in the core. When this happens the inner core will shrink and the Sun will expand and get hotter, due to Hydrogen being 'burned' in the outer core, engulfing Mercury and nearly reaching Venus. As it does so, the core will reach a blistering 100 million°C and will begin to burn the Helium there. This will keep the star stable as a 'Red Giant' for a thousand million years or so until the Helium runs out. When this happens, the core will begin collapsing again and it'll get hotter and the star will get bigger once more, expanding to the present orbit of Earth.

At this point, the Sun will be very unstable, expanding and shrinking often and losing a lot of material into space. Soon afterwards, all that will be left will be its inner Carbon core, which, although it will still contain about 2 thirds of the Sun's mass, will be collapsed so much that it will have reached the ultimate density, quantum forces will stop it collapsing further and it'll become a 'White Dwarf' - a small star about the size of the Earth but much denser (about 1cm3 of this stuff would have the mass of a tonne - that's a million times the density of water!)

Majlis Anugerah Cemerlang

2010-04-25T05:08:00.000-07:00

Tahniah kepada semua pelajar yang mendapat pelbagai anugerah MAC 2010 terutama kepada 12 orang pelajar yang mendapat fizik A-, A dan A+

Type of mirror

2010-02-23T18:19:00.001-08:00

Refraction, sunrise, sunset

2010-02-22T18:13:00.000-08:00

Due to refraction :

The sun will appear to rise sooner (by approximately two minutes) than it actually does
The sun will appear to set a bit later (by about two minutes) than it actually does

Refraction

2010-02-22T18:07:00.001-08:00

2010-02-10T18:39:00.001-08:00

Setitis air di atas cd. Apakah fenomena ini?

2010-02-04T22:01:00.000-08:00

Lightning - The Big Spark

Lightning may not seem much like static electricity, but it's actually very similar. Both are sparks of electricity created through the attraction of unlike charges. The difference is that static electricity creates a small spark, while lightning is a huge spark of electricity.

In storm clouds, tiny particles in the cloud move around picking up positive or negative energy charges, like when shoes scuff a rug. The positive charged particles stay light, and rise to the top of the cloud. The negative charged particles get heavier, and collect at the bottom of the cloud.
As more particles become charged, they divide into opposing groups in the cloud. When the power of attraction between them gets too great, the particles discharge their energy at each other, completing a path for electricity to travel through the air. We call this flow of electricity lightning.

It's the negative charges in the bottom of the cloud that cause lightning to strike the ground. When the negatively charged particles group together, they begin to seek out positive charges from the ground below. The excess electrons create a channel of charged air called a leader that reaches down to the ground below. The leaders attract other charged ground-based channels called streamers.

When the stepped leader from the cloud meets a returning streamer from the ground, the path is ready. An electrical current called the return stroke, travels back up the path. This return stroke releases tremendous energy, bright light and thunder.

The typical stroke can last only 30 milliseconds, so four to five strokes may happen in the blink of an eye. Despite the old saying, lightning does strike the same place twice.

To review, lightning is created by the attraction between opposite charges, the same force that creates static electricity. But lightning uses huge opposite charges to produce an electrical current that's nothing like what you'd get from static electricity.

2010-01-29T21:18:00.000-08:00

Stars

On a clear dark night, a few thousand stars are visible to the naked eye. With binoculars and powerful telescopes, we can see so many stars that we could never hope to count them. Even though each individual star is unique, all stars share much in common. The Sun, which is the source of virtually all light, heat and energy reaching the Earth, is the nearest star. Today, we know that stars are born from interstellar gas clouds, shine by nuclear fusion and then die, sometimes in dramatic ways.

Globular Cluster M3.

Some 500,000 stars are

crammed into an region about

100 light years across in

this globular cluster

Why do stars twinkle?
The songline goes "Twinkle twinkle little star". What is the cause of the "twinkling" of stars? Does light from planets "twinkle" as does light from stars?

Stars twinkle because of turbulence in the atmosphere of the Earth. As the atmosphere churns, the light from the star is refracted in different directions. This causes the star's image to change slightly in brightness and position, hence "twinkle." This is one of the reasons the Hubble telescope is so successful: in space, there is no atmosphere to make the stars twinkle, allowing a much better image to be obtained.
Planets do not twinkle the way stars do. In fact, this is a good way of figuring out if a particular object you see in the sky is a planet or a star. The reason is that stars are so far away that they are essentially points of light on the sky, while planets actually have finite size. The size of a planet on the sky in a sense "averages out" the turbulent effects of the atmosphere, presenting a relatively stable image to the eye.

Salam Aidilfitri

2009-09-16T06:32:00.000-07:00

Guru-guru daripada panitia fizik ingin mengucapkan selamat menyambut Hari Raya Aidilfitri kepada semua warga sekolah termasuklah guru-guru, staf sokongan dan pelajar-pelajar. Maaf zahir dan Batin.

Facts about the Number Seven

2009-08-25T06:33:00.000-07:00

I was interested when read the principal note about number seven. Let us look at some more interesting facts about the number seven.

Mathematical Facts about the Number Seven
-Seven has the highest probability of occurring as an addition when rolling dice.
-The number seven is the fourth prime number as also a Mersenne prime, the first Woodall prime, the fourth factorial prime, the second lucky and the second safe prime.
-Seven is the only number below 15 that cannot be represented as a sum of the squares of three integers. Wondering all other numbers can be represented? You will have to check out and see!
-7 is a Prime Number.
-7 is a Mersenne Number.
-7 is an Octahedral Number.
-7 is a Lucas Number.
-7 is a Centered Hexagonal Number.
-7 is a Heptagonal Number.
-7 is a Hexagonal Pyramidal Number.
-5 can be Partitioned in 7 ways.
-7 can be Partitioned in 15 ways.
-7 is the number of + signs needed to write the Partitions of 4
-Sum of the first 4 Fibonacci numbers= 1 + 1 + 2 + 3 = 7
-7 is the number of frieze groups, i.e., the groups consisting of symmetries of the plane whose group of translations is isomorphic to the group of integers.
-7 is the maximal number of regions into which 3 lines divide a plane.
-The 7 Hexagonal (6-fold) crystal classes.
-The 7 Tetragonal crystal classes.
-Topologists have been able to prove that 7 colors may be needed on a donut shaped map to ensure that no adjacent areas are the same.
-There are seven different ways of linking four hexagons together.
-7 is the smallest number of integer-sided rectangles that tile a rectangle so that no 2 rectangles share a common length.

Interesting Facts about the Number Seven
-The Chemical Element Nitrogen has an atomic number of 7.
-The 7 directions: north, south, east, west, up, down and the center.
-In Humans: the 7 Endocrine glands.
-The 7 colors of the rainbow.
-There are seven wonders of the ancient world.
-There are seven continents in the world.
-There are seven colors of the rainbow. Their names are famously abbreviated as 'vibgyor'.
-There are seven days in a week.
-One of the most interesting facts about the number seven is its correlation with the cognitive abilities of a human being. The limits of human cognitive capacity lie within the range of 7 plus or a minus 2.
-There are seven basic musical notes, namely, 'do', 're', 'me', 'fa', 'so', 'la' and 'te'. In Indian music they are ‘sa’, ‘re’, ‘ga’, ‘ma’, ‘pa’, ‘dha’ and ‘ni’.

Facts about the Number Seven in Science and Technology
-A ladybug commonly has seven spots!
-Most of the mammals' necks have seven bones.
-The number of rows in the periodic table is seven.
-The neutral pH value that lies between acidity and alkalinity is seven.
-The code for international direct dial phone calls to Russia and Kazakhstan is seven. Seven is also the number of digits in an American or a Canadian telephone number.
-Digital devices use a seven-segment display.
-The OSI model has seven layers.
-There are seven logic gates namely, NOT, NOR, XNOR, XOR, AND, NAND and OR.

Waktu berbuka dan Imsak daerah Johor Bahru Tahun 2009

2009-08-22T04:12:00.001-07:00

RAMADHAN 1430 H WAKTU IMSAK WAKTU BERBUKA
OGOS/SEPTEMBER 2009 M
HARI HIJRIAH MILADIAH
SABTU *1 22 Ogos 5.35 pagi 7.14 malam
AHAD 2 23 5.35 pagi 7.13 malam
ISNIN 3 24 5.35 pagi 7.13 malam
SELASA 4 25 5.35 pagi 7.13 malam
RABU 5 26 5.35 pagi 7.12 malam
KHAMIS 6 27 5.35 pagi 7.12 malam
JUMAAT 7 28 5.35 pagi 7.12 malam
SABTU 8 29 5.34 pagi 7.11 malam
AHAD 9 30 5.34 pagi 7.11 malam
ISNIN 10 31 5.34 pagi 7.11 malam
SELASA 11 1 September 5.34 pagi 7.10 malam
RABU 12 2 5.34 pagi 7.10 malam
KHAMIS 13 3 5.34 pagi 7.10 malam
JUMAAT 14 4 5.33 pagi 7.09 malam
SABTU 15 5 5.33 pagi 7.09 malam
AHAD 16 6 5.33 pagi 7.08 malam
ISNIN 17 7 5.33 pagi 7.08 malam
SELASA 18 8 5.32 pagi 7.08 malam
RABU 19 9 5.32 pagi 7.07 malam
KHAMIS 20 10 5.32 pagi 7.07 malam
JUMAAT 21 11 5.32 pagi 7.07 malam
SABTU 22 12 5.31 pagi 7.06 malam
AHAD 23 13 5.31 pagi 7.06 malam
ISNIN 24 14 5.31 pagi 7.05 malam
SELASA 25 15 5.31 pagi 7.05 malam
RABU 26 16 5.30 pagi 7.05 malam
KHAMIS 27 17 5.30 pagi 7.04 malam
JUMAAT 28 18 5.30 pagi 7.04 malam
SABTU **29 19 5.30 pagi 7.03 malam

* Tertakluk Kepada Pengisytiharan Penyimpan Mohor Besar Raja-Raja Malaysia
** Tarikh Melihat Anak Bulan Syawal Tertakluk Kepada Pengisytiharan Penyimpan Mohor Besar Raja-Raja Malaysia

Jokes

2009-08-20T06:19:00.000-07:00

Mulakan hari anda dengan senyuman

SAPE HEBAT
Man : Bapa aku hebat. Dia polis. Semua orang takut ngan dia.
Ali : Eleh, bapa aku lagi terer. Kalau dia suruh orang tunduk, mesti orang tu tunduk.
Man : Wow! Bapa kau keja apa?
Ali : Tukang gunting rambut.

KELAS BI
Ayah : Apasal B.I kamu nie asyik dapat kosong jer...! Apasal hah?
Anak : Eh, ayah! Tu bukan kosong. Tadi cikgu adik dah kasi bintang banyakkat bebudak lain. Ada dapat 5 bintang la, 4 bintang la. Bila turn adikjer, bintang dah abis. Sebab tu cikgu bagi kat adik bulan.

SUDU
Doktor : Encik kena ambil 3 sudu ubat ni setiap hari.
Pesakit : Eh! tak boleh la doktor.
Doktor : Kenapa?
Pesakit : Rumah saya ada dua sudu jer.

MAYAT
Cikgu : Hasan,sambungkan 2 ayat ini menjadi satu. 'Ali menaiki
basikal ke sekolah. Ali ternampak mayat.'
Hasan : Ali ternampak mayat menaiki basikal ke sekolah.

TIRU
Cikgu : Encik,anak awak didapati meniru Ali dalam exam.
Bapa : Apa bukti awak?
Cikgu : Encik tengok soalan nombor 4 nie. Siapakah menemui Pulau Pinang?Seman tulis "Saya tak tahu"dan anak encik tulis "Kalau engkautak tahu, aku lagi la tak tahu".

DOKTOR
Suatu petang datang seorang lelaki berumur ke kelinik ENT , kerana telinganyadi masuki biji kacang hijau semasa dia membeli barang dapur di pasar.
Doktor : "Selamat petang..."
Pesakit : "Selamat petang Doktor!"
Doktor : " Ada masaalah apa .....?"
Pesakit : "Telinga saya dimasuki biji kacang hijau, Doktor..."
Doktor : "Biar saya periksa telinga anda!"
setelah diperiksa....
Doktor : " Ada2 cara untuk mengeluarkan biji tersebut..."
Pesakit : "Apa caranya doktor?"
Doktor : "Pembedahan kecil kosnya 2 ribu ringgit dan pilihan kedua
pula percuma..."
Pesakit : "Mahal sangat Doktor, kalau yang percuma bagaimana?"
Doktor : "Yang percuma kena sabar..."
Pesakit : "Baik, saya sabar, dan bagaimana caranya...?"
Doktor : "Anda sirami telinga anda 2 kali sehari dan nanti jika
sudah jadi tauge' anda tinggal tarik keluar."
Pesakit : "Huh

Earth

2009-08-19T20:14:00.001-07:00

EARTH

From the perspective we get on Earth, our planet appears to be big and sturdy with an endless ocean of air. From space, astronauts often get the impression that the Earth is small with a thin, fragile layer of atmosphere. For a space traveler, the distinguishing Earth features are the blue waters, brown and green land masses and white clouds set against a black background.
Many dream of traveling in space and viewing the wonders of the universe. In reality all of us are space travelers. Our spaceship is the planet Earth, traveling at the speed of 108,000 kilometers (67,000 miles) an hour.
Earth is the 3rd planet from the Sun at a distance of about 150 million kilometers (93.2 million miles). It takes 365.256 days for the Earth to travel around the Sun and 23.9345 hours for the Earth rotate a complete revolution. It has a diameter of 12,756 kilometers (7,973 miles), only a few hundred kilometers larger than that of Venus. Our atmosphere is composed of 78 percent nitrogen, 21 percent oxygen and 1 percent other constituents.
Earth is the only planet in the solar system known to harbor life. Our planet's rapid spin and molten nickel-iron core give rise to an extensive magnetic field, which, along with the atmosphere, shields us from nearly all of the harmful radiation coming from the Sun and other stars. Earth's atmosphere protects us from meteors, most of which burn up before they can strike the surface. [klik]

Galaxy

2009-08-19T01:22:00.000-07:00

Galaxy is a massive, gravitationally bound system that consists of stars and stellar remnants, an interstellar medium of gas and dust, and an important but poorly understood component tentatively dubbed dark matter. The name is from the Greek root galaxias [γαλαξίας], meaning "milky," a reference to the Milky Way galaxy. Typical galaxies range from dwarfs with as few as ten million stars up to giants with one trillion stars, all orbiting the galaxy's center of mass. Galaxies can also contain many multiple star systems, star clusters, and various interstellar clouds. The Sun is one of the stars in the Milky Way galaxy; the Solar System includes the Earth and all the other objects that orbit the Sun.
Historically, galaxies have been categorized according to their apparent shape (usually referred to as their visual morphology). A common form is the elliptical galaxy, which has an ellipse-shaped light profile. Spiral galaxies are disk-shaped assemblages with curving, dusty arms. Galaxies with irregular or unusual shapes are known as peculiar galaxies, and typically result from disruption by the gravitational pull of neighboring galaxies. Such interactions between nearby galaxies, which may ultimately result in galaxies merging, may induce episodes of significantly increased star formation, producing what is called a starburst galaxy. Small galaxies that lack a coherent structure could also be referred to as irregular galaxies.
There are probably more than 100 billion (1011) galaxies in the observable universe. Most galaxies are 1,000 to 100,000 parsecs in diameter and are usually separated by distances on the order of millions of parsecs (or megaparsecs). Intergalactic space (the space between galaxies) is filled with a tenuous gas of an average density less than one atom per cubic meter. The majority of galaxies are organized into a hierarchy of associations called clusters, which, in turn, can form larger groups called superclusters. These larger structures are generally arranged into sheets and filaments, which surround immense voids in the universe.
Although it is not yet well understood, dark matter appears to account for around 90% of the mass of most galaxies. Observational data suggests that supermassive black holes may exist at the center of many, if not all, galaxies. They are proposed to be the primary cause of active galactic nuclei found at the core of some galaxies. The Milky Way galaxy appears to harbor at least one such object within its nucleus.

Maklumat lebih lanjut tentang galaksi...klik disini

Simple experiment of liquid pressure

2009-08-14T17:56:00.000-07:00

Pelajar sekarang malas membaca

2009-08-13T03:47:00.000-07:00

Pelajar sekarang malas membaca

GEORGE TOWN - "Pelajar kini makin malas membaca, berfikir dan menilai."

Begitulah nada kecewa yang disuarakan penerima Anugerah Tokoh Akademik Negara 2008, Prof. Dr. Muhammad Salleh yang menyifatkan ramai golongan pelajar masa kini sama ada di sekolah mahupun universiti kurang membaca dan ia berbeza berbanding generasi lampau.

Beliau yang juga Sasterawan Negara berkata, biarpun seronok menjadi seorang pendidik namun beliau kecewa apabila pelajar yang lahir daripada sistem pendidikan sekarang tidak lagi cintakan buku.

"Sebagai pendidik, kita membina watak manusia yang boleh berfikir, berhujah dan menilai sesuatu yang berlaku.

"Namun jika kurang membaca, bagaimana pelajar itu mahu berfikir serta memberi pendapat serta menyelesaikan setiap masalah yang timbul," katanya ketika ditemui selepas majlis perasmian Ekspo Konvokesyen 2009 (Convex 09) Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM) di sini semalam.

Di petik daripada akhbar Kosmo 13/8/2009

INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION (ISS)

2009-08-10T18:53:00.000-07:00

The International Space Station (ISS) is an internationally developed research facility currently being assembled in Low Earth Orbit. On-orbit construction of the station began in 1998 and is scheduled to be complete by 2011, with operations continuing until at least 2015.The ISS orbits at an altitude of approximately 350 kilometres (220 mi) above the surface of the Earth,travelling at an average speed of 27,724 kilometres (17,227 mi) per hour, completing 15.7 orbits per day.The station can be seen from the Earth with the naked eye, and, as of 2009, is the largest artificial satellite in Earth orbit, with a mass larger than that of any previous space station.

Untuk maklumat lanjut.....klik disini

Kenali ISS dan boleh menyaksikan video yang menarik... klik disini

Nobel Prize in Physics

2009-08-03T03:57:00.000-07:00

The Nobel Prize in Physics has been awarded to 183 individuals since 1901.No one is from Malaysia.... Hopefully one day there is a malaysian win the nobel prize especially in Physics. 2008 is from Asia-Japanese...

2008 - Yoichiro Nambu, Makoto Kobayashi, Toshihide Maskawa
2007 - Albert Fert, Peter Grünberg
2006 - John C. Mather, George F. Smoot
2005 - Roy J. Glauber, John L. Hall, Theodor W. Hänsch
2004 - David J. Gross, H. David Politzer, Frank Wilczek
2003 - Alexei A. Abrikosov, Vitaly L. Ginzburg, Anthony J. Leggett
2002 - Raymond Davis Jr., Masatoshi Koshiba, Riccardo Giacconi
2001 - Eric A. Cornell, Wolfgang Ketterle, Carl E. Wieman
2000 - Zhores I. Alferov, Herbert Kroemer, Jack S. Kilby
1999 - Gerardus 't Hooft, Martinus J.G. Veltman
1998 - Robert B. Laughlin, Horst L. Störmer, Daniel C. Tsui
1997 - Steven Chu, Claude Cohen-Tannoudji, William D. Phillips
1996 - David M. Lee, Douglas D. Osheroff, Robert C. Richardson
1995 - Martin L. Perl, Frederick Reines
1994 - Bertram N. Brockhouse, Clifford G. Shull
1993 - Russell A. Hulse, Joseph H. Taylor Jr.
1992 - Georges Charpak
1991 - Pierre-Gilles de Gennes
1990 - Jerome I. Friedman, Henry W. Kendall, Richard E. Taylor
1989 - Norman F. Ramsey, Hans G. Dehmelt, Wolfgang Paul
1988 - Leon M. Lederman, Melvin Schwartz, Jack Steinberger
1987 - J. Georg Bednorz, K. Alex Müller
1986 - Ernst Ruska, Gerd Binnig, Heinrich Rohrer
1985 - Klaus von Klitzing
1984 - Carlo Rubbia, Simon van der Meer
1983 - Subramanyan Chandrasekhar, William A. Fowler
1982 - Kenneth G. Wilson
1981 - Nicolaas Bloembergen, Arthur L. Schawlow, Kai M. Siegbahn
1980 - James Cronin, Val Fitch
1979 - Sheldon Glashow, Abdus Salam, Steven Weinberg
1978 - Pyotr Kapitsa, Arno Penzias, Robert Woodrow Wilson
1977 - Philip W. Anderson, Sir Nevill F. Mott, John H. van Vleck
1976 - Burton Richter, Samuel C.C. Ting
1975 - Aage N. Bohr, Ben R. Mottelson, James Rainwater
1974 - Martin Ryle, Antony Hewish
1973 - Leo Esaki, Ivar Giaever, Brian D. Josephson
1972 - John Bardeen, Leon N. Cooper, Robert Schrieffer
1971 - Dennis Gabor
1970 - Hannes Alfvén, Louis Néel
1969 - Murray Gell-Mann
1968 - Luis Alvarez
1967 - Hans Bethe
1966 - Alfred Kastler
1965 - Sin-Itiro Tomonaga, Julian Schwinger, Richard P. Feynman
1964 - Charles H. Townes, Nicolay G. Basov, Aleksandr M. Prokhorov
1963 - Eugene Wigner, Maria Goeppert-Mayer, J. Hans D. Jensen
1962 - Lev Landau
1961 - Robert Hofstadter, Rudolf Mössbauer
1960 - Donald A. Glaser
1959 - Emilio Segrè, Owen Chamberlain
1958 - Pavel A. Cherenkov, Il´ja M. Frank, Igor Y. Tamm
1957 - Chen Ning Yang, Tsung-Dao Lee
1956 - William B. Shockley, John Bardeen, Walter H. Brattain
1955 - Willis E. Lamb, Polykarp Kusch
1954 - Max Born, Walther Bothe
1953 - Frits Zernike
1952 - Felix Bloch, E. M. Purcell
1951 - John Cockcroft, Ernest T.S. Walton
1950 - Cecil Powell
1949 - Hideki Yukawa
1948 - Patrick M.S. Blackett
1947 - Edward V. Appleton
1946 - Percy W. Bridgman
1945 - Wolfgang Pauli
1944 - Isidor Isaac Rabi
1943 - Otto Stern
1942 - The prize money was with 1/3 allocated to the Main Fund and with 2/3 to the Special Fund of this prize section
1941 - The prize money was with 1/3 allocated to the Main Fund and with 2/3 to the Special Fund of this prize section
1940 - The prize money was with 1/3 allocated to the Main Fund and with 2/3 to the Special Fund of this prize section
1939 - Ernest Lawrence
1938 - Enrico Fermi
1937 - Clinton Davisson, George Paget Thomson
1936 - Victor F. Hess, Carl D. Anderson
1935 - James Chadwick
1934 - The prize money was with 1/3 allocated to the Main Fund and with 2/3 to the Special Fund of this prize section
1933 - Erwin Schrödinger, Paul A.M. Dirac
1932 - Werner Heisenberg
1931 - The prize money was allocated to the Special Fund of this prize section
1930 - Sir Venkata Raman
1929 - Louis de Broglie
1928 - Owen Willans Richardson
1927 - Arthur H. Compton, C.T.R. Wilson
1926 - Jean Baptiste Perrin
1925 - James Franck, Gustav Hertz
1924 - Manne Siegbahn
1923 - Robert A. Millikan
1922 - Niels Bohr
1921 - Albert Einstein
1920 - Charles Edouard Guillaume
1919 - Johannes Stark
1918 - Max Planck
1917 - Charles Glover Barkla
1916 - The prize money was allocated to the Special Fund of this prize section
1915 - William Bragg, Lawrence Bragg
1914 - Max von Laue
1913 - Heike Kamerlingh Onnes
1912 - Gustaf Dalén
1911 - Wilhelm Wien
1910 - Johannes Diderik van der Waals
1909 - Guglielmo Marconi, Ferdinand Braun
1908 - Gabriel Lippmann
1907 - Albert A. Michelson
1906 - J.J. Thomson
1905 - Philipp Lenard
1904 - Lord Rayleigh
1903 - Henri Becquerel, Pierre Curie, Marie Curie
1902 - Hendrik A. Lorentz, Pieter Zeeman
1901 - Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen

This is an information about H1N1

2009-07-24T07:58:00.000-07:00

Gerhana matahari 22 Julai 2009

2009-07-22T16:25:00.000-07:00

Semalam kat sekolah hujan ...tak dapat nak tengok......

DUNIA TANPA JURUTERA

2009-07-20T20:56:00.000-07:00

2009-07-20T20:48:00.001-07:00

Space Shuttle Overview: Endeavour (OV-105)

Authorized by Congress in August 1987 as a replacement for the Space Shuttle orbiter Challenger, Endeavour (OV-105) arrived at Kennedy Space Center's Shuttle Landing Facility on May 7, 1991, piggy-backed on top of NASA's new Space Shuttle Carrier Aircraft. For the first time, an orbiter was named through a national competition involving students in elementary and secondary schools. They were asked to select a name based upon an exploratory or research sea vessel. In May 1989, President George Bush announced the winning name.

Image left: Space Shuttle Endeavour blazes into the night sky on mission STS-113, the 19th for Endeavour, and the 112th flight in the Shuttle program. Image credit: NASA Endeavour was named after a ship chartered to traverse the South Pacific in 1768 and captained by 18th century British explorer James Cook, an experienced seaman, navigator and amateur astronomer. He commanded a crew of 93 men, including 11 scientists and artists.
Untuk mengetahui lebih lanjut, klik disini.

2009-07-20T06:38:00.000-07:00

2009-07-20T06:29:00.000-07:00

Two Moons on August 27 2009?

Mars as big as the moon on August 27, 2009?

The Red Planet is about to be spectacular!

This month and next, Earth is catching up with Mars in an encounter that will culminate in the closest approach between the two planets in recorded history.

The next time Mars may come this close is in 2287.

Due to the way Jupiter's gravity tugs on Mars and perturbs its orbit, astronomers can only be certain that Mars has not come this close to Earth in the Last 5,000 years, but it may be as long as 60,000 years before it happens again. The encounter will culminate on August 27th when Mars comes to within 34,649,589 miles of Earth and will be (next to the moon) the brightest object in the night sky. It will attain a magnitude of -2.9 and will appear 25.11 arc seconds wide.

At a modest 75-power magnification Mars will look as large as the full moon to the naked eye

sama-sama kita saksikan benar atau tidak...di bulan puasa nanti...

PROGRAM SMART PHYSICS 2009

2009-07-12T00:20:00.000-07:00

BAKAL PELAJAR PHYSICS A1..

SEMOGA KESUNGGUHAN INI AKAN BERTERUSAN HINGGA SPM 2009............

2009-07-11T21:49:00.000-07:00

2009-07-11T20:35:00.000-07:00

Kelebihan Solat Berjemaah Menurut Teori Fizik
Seorang professor fizik di Amerika Syarikat telah membuat satu kajian tentang kelebihan solat berjemaah yang disyariatkan dalam Islam.Katanya tubuh badan kita mengandungi dua cas elektrik iatu cas positif dan cas negatif. Dalam aktiviti harian kita sama ada bekerja, beriadah atau berehat, sudah tentu banyak tenaga digunakan.
Dalam proses pembakaran tenaga, banyak berlaku pertukaran cas positif dan cas negatif, yang menyebabkan ketidakseimbangan dalam tubuh kita. Ketidakseimbangan cas dalam badan menyebabkan kita rasa letih dan lesu setelah menjalankan aktiviti seharian.Oleh itu cas-cas ini perlu diseimbangkan semula untuk mengembalikan kesegaran tubuh ke tahap normal.
Berkaitan dengan solat berjemaah, timbul persoalan di minda professor ini mengapa Islam mensyariatkan solat berjemah dan mengapa solat lima waktu yang didirikan orang Islam mempunyai bilangan rakaat yang tidak sama.Hasil kajiannya mendapati bilangan rakaat yang berbeza dalam solat kita bertindak menyeimbangkan cas-cas dalam badan kita.Semasa kita solat berjemaah, kita disuruh meluruskan saf, bahu bertemu bahu dan bersentuhan tapak kaki.Tindakan-tindakan yang dianjurkan semasa solat berjemaah itu mempunyai berbagai kelebihan.
Kajian sains mendapati sentuhan yang berlaku antara tubuh kita dengan tubuh ahli jemaah lain yang berada di kiri dan kanan kita akan menstabilkan kembali cas-cas yang diperlukan oleh tubuh.Ia berlaku apabila cas yang berlebihan-sama ada negatif atau positif akan dikeluarkan, manakala yang berkurangan akan ditarik ke dalam kita.Semakin lama pergeseran ini berlaku, semakin seimbang cas dalam tubuh kita.
Menurut beliau lagi, setiap kali kita bangun dari tidur, badan kita akan merasa segar dan sihat setelah berehat berapa jam. Ketika ini tubuh kita mengandungi cas-cas positif dan negatif yang hampir seimbang.Oleh itu, kita hanya memerlukan sedikit lagi proses pertukaran cas agar keseimbangan penuh dapat dicapai.Sebab itu, solat Subuh didirikan 2 rakaat.
Seterusnya, setelah sehari kita bekerja kuat dan memerah otak semua cas ini kembali tidak stabil akibat kehilangan cas lebih banyak daripada tubuh.Oleh itu, kita memerlukan lebih banyak pertukaran cas.Solat jemaah yang disyariatkan Islam berperanan untuk memulihkan keseimbangan cas-cas berkenaan.Sebab itu, solat Zohor didirikan 4 rakaat untuk memberi ruang yang lebih kepada proses pertukaran cas dakam tubuh.
Situasi yang sama turut berlaku di sebelah petang.Banyak tenaga dikeluarkan ketika menyambung kembali tugas.Ini menyebabkan sekali lagi kita kehilangan cas yang banyak.Seperti mana solat Zohor, 4 rakaat solat Asar yang dikerjakanakan memberikan ruang kepada proses pertukaran cas dengan lebih lama.Lazimnya, selepas waktu Asar dan pulang dari kerja kita tidak lagimelakukan aktiviti-aktiviti yang banyak menggunakan tenaga.Masa yang diperuntukkan pula tidak begitu lama.Maka, solat Maghrib hanya dikerjakan sebanyak 3 rakaat adalah lebih sesuai dengan penggunaan tenaga yang kurang berbanding 2 waktu sebelumnya.
Timbul persoalan di fikiran professor itu tentang solat Isyak yang mengandungi 4 rakaat.Logiknya, pada waktu malam kita tidak banyak melakukan aktiviti dan sudah tentu tidak memerlukan proses pertukaran cas yang banyak.Setelah kajian lanjut, didapati terdapat keistimewaan mengapa Allah mensyariatkan 4 rakat dalam solat Isyak.Kita sedia maklum, umat Islam amat digalakkan untuk tidur awal agar mampu bangun menunaikan tahajjud di sepertiga malam.Ringkasnya, solat Isyak sebanyak 4 rakaat itu akan menstabilkan cas dalam badan serta memberikan tenaga untuk kita bangun malam (qiamullail).Dalam kajiannya, professor ini mendapati bahawa Islam adalah satu agama yang lengkap dan istimewa.Segala amalan dan suruhan Allah Taala itu mempunyai hikmah ynag tersirat untuk kebaikan umat Islam itu sendiri.
Beliau merasakan betapa kerdilnya diri dan betapa hebatnya Pencipta alam ini.Akhirnya, dengan hidayah Allah beliau memeluk agama Islam.Wallahualam.(apepun, kita renung kembali kepada firman Allah Ta'ala dalam surah az-Zariyyat yang bermaksud : " dan tidaklah Aku jadikan Jin dan Manusia itu kecuali mereka beribadat kepada-KU"):: maka benarlah Allah yang Maha Berkuasa ::

2009-07-11T00:38:00.000-07:00

MR. CHIA SONG CHOY

PENGETUA CEMERLANG

Biography – Mr. Chia Song Choy

Mr. Chia Song Choy was born in Malaysia in 1957. He obtained his B.Sc. (Hons) and Diploma in Education from National University Malaysia (UKM) in 1981. He also obtained his M.Sc. in the field of Physics Education Research (PER) from UKM in 1998. He was the Senior Principal of SMT Kuala Klawang, Negeri Sembilan Darul Khusus October 2005-June 2009. Currently he is the Senior Principal of SMT Perdagangan, Johor Bahru, the Cluster School of Malaysia.

As the chairman of the Malaysian Institute of Physics (Physics Education Subgroup), and the chairman of the selection and training committee of the Asian Physics Olympiad (APhO) & International Physics Olympiad (IPhO) as well as the key personnel in the International Space Station (ISS) Physics Education Programs , Mr. Chia has been very instrumental in numerous physics related activities at both the national and international levels. He was elected to be a Fellow of the Malaysian Institute of Physics (FIPM) in 1997 for his outstanding contributions to the physics community.

Being a member of the Text Book Panel appointed by the Ministry of Education , Mr. Chia oversees the publication of textbooks in relating to Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Additional Science, Physics Practical Workbooks as well as Physics Modules through Contextual Learning Approach. Mr. Chia himself is a renowned textbook author and has written numerous textbooks including the Form 4 and Form 5 Physics Text Book of the Integrated Secondary School Curriculum (KBSM) .

Mr. Chia is the winner of the Toray Science Educational Award in 1995, the Tech. Prep Fellowship Programs , CORD, Texas , USA in 1996, and also Excellence Service Award ( APC ), Ministry of Education Malaysia 1997 and 2003. He was the Team Leader at APhO/IPhO Indonesia (2000), Singapore (2002), Vietnam (2004), Spain (2005) and Iran (2007).

Mr. Chia can be contacted at:

E-mail : csongc_2006@yahoo.com.my

Handphone: +6012-6080460

2009-03-01T19:50:00.000-08:00

2009-03-01T19:26:00.000-08:00

EXPLANATION- Form 4

Chapter 2: Force and Motion
Implusive Force
In two separate boxing ring, a kick-boxer Thailand fights without wearing boxing gloves whereas a boxer from Malaysia fights with a pair of boxing gloves. Explain who will cause more injury to their opponent if both boxers punch with the same force. (3 marks)
Answer:
- Thai boxer
- Without wearing boxing gloves, the time for change momentum is shorter.
- The impulsive force is larger.

Gravitational Force
Explain why it is easier to walk on a rough surface than on an oily surface (4 marks)
Answer:
- A rough surface produce more friction.
- Therefore better grip and less slipping between the soles and the surface. Thus easier to walk.
- An oily surface reduces contact between the soles and the surface no opposing force will act
- Therefore difficult to walk.

Energy
A stone which released from a tall building falls down in the air. During the fall, the stone experiences an energy change. Explain the energy changes in the stone. (4 marks)
Answer:
- Total energy at any time is constant
- As the stone falls, gravitational potential energy convert to kinetic energy
- Gravitational potential is maximum at the highest point
- Kinetic energy converts to heat and sound when it hits the ground.

Elasticity
Explain how the forces between the molecules cause the elasticity
Answer:
- The forces between the molecules are attractive forces and repulsive forces
- When the solid is stretched, the molecules to be displaced away from each other
- Attractive intermolecular forces act to oppose the stretching
- When the solid is compressed, the molecules are being displaced closer to each other. Repulsive forces are acting to oppose the compression.

Chapter 3: Force and Pressure

Atmospheric pressure
Explain why places at high altitude the temperature is colder compare to places at low altitude which is more warmer.
Answer:
- high altitude low density of air
- less collision of molecules with surface
- low altitude high density of air
- more collision of molecules with surface
- if more collision of molecules with surface, heat energy are more produced. So that low collision is more warmer.

Pressure in Liquid
A small bubble of air is released from the bottom of a lake.
(i) Explain what happens to the size of bubble as it rises to the surface of the water.
[2 marks]
(ii) Explain how this change affects the upward motion of the bubble.
[2 marks] Answer:
(i) - The pressure of water increases with the depth of the water
- The bubble expands upon reaching the surface of the water//The volume of air bubble increases as the depth of water decreases
(ii) - Buoyant force increases as the volume of the bubble increases
- The air bubble moving with increasing acceleration

Siphon
Explain how a siphon works to transfer liquid from one container to another. (4 marks)
Answer:
- The siphon works based on pressure difference
- Air pressure in the inner tube is less than the atmospheric pressure outside the tube.
- The atmospheric pressure pushes the surface of liquid
- Causes the liquid to flow into the column of the tube. (to the other side of the tube into the other container)

Buoyant Force
1. Explain why a ship may sink when it sails from sea water to fresh water. ( 3 marks)
Answer:
1. In the sea, buoyant force > weight of the ship
2. When the ship in the river, density of water< density of sea, so buoyant force decrease
3. The weight of the ship > the buoyant force ,so the ship will sink

2. Explain why a balloon filled with helium gas rises up in the air. (4 marks)
Answer:
- The balloon acted by two forces: upthrust and the weight of the balloon
- The density of helium gas is less than the density of surrounding air.
- Upthrust equal to the weight of the air displaced by the balloon
- Upthrust is higher than the weight of the balloon.

5. Explain why the sinking levels of the boats are different in the river and in the sea.
[3 marks]
Answer:
- Sea water is denser
- Boat displaced less sea water and gain the same upthrust .
- Therefore boat sinks less in sea water

6. The submarine is able to submerge in the sea.
Explain how a submarine on the sea surface submerges and float still on the sea surface.
Answer:
- When the ballast tank is filled with water,
- The buoyant force is smaller than the weight of the submarine. It will
sink/submerges
- When the ballast tank is filled with air / when the water pumps out,
- the buoyant force is larger than the weight of the submarine, and it will float.

Hydrometer
A hydromater is used to measure the density of acid a car battery. Using a suitable physisc principle, explain how the hyromater works. (4marks)
Answer:
- related principle is the Archimedes’ Principle.
- Draw a diagram of hyrometer correctly ( small and long stem, with big bulb with lead or steell balls)
- When a hydromater floats in a liquid, the buoyant force is equal to the weight of the hydromater
- Bouyant force = rVg / depends on density of liquid
- The smalleer the density of the liquid, the more liquid it displaces and the deeper the hydromater will sink

Bernoulli Principle
The aircraft obtains its lift when flying due to a difference in pressure of the air between the upper and bottom sides of the wings. Explain how this difference in pressure is produced.
[3 marks]
Answer:
- The shape of cross section of the wing causes the speed of airflow
- Above the wings to be higher than the speed of airflow below
- When the speed of moving air is higher, the pressure is lower
- Hence air pressure below the wings is higher compare to above the wings

Pascal Principle
Using a concept of pressure in liquid, explain why the hydraulic system in this machine is known as a force multiplier. (4 marks)
Answer:
1. When the small piston is pulled up, the hydraulic oil is drawn from the reservoir into the small piston
2. When the small piston is pushed down , the hydraulic oil is exerted with force and experienced a pressure
3. The pressure is transmitted uniformly from the small piston to the bigpiston.
4. The forced produced raised the big piston / The system can convert a small input force into a bigger output force.

Chapter 4: Heat
Thermal equilibrium
1. Explain how a new thermometer can be calibrated. [4 marks]
Answer:
- Put the thermometer in melting ice, mark the lower part of mercury thread,l0
- Place the same thermometer in the boiling water, mark the top part of the mercury thread, l 100
- Divide the length between the two marks into 100 equal divisions
- Each division is now equal to 1 o C

2. According to the principle of thermal equilibrium and the working principle of a thermometer, explain how a doctor can check his patient temperature during medical treatment. [ 4 mark ]
Answer:
- Thermometer is placed in the mouth of patient,
- Heat is transferred from patient’s body to the thermometer.
- Thermal equilibrium between the thermometer and patient’s body is reached when the net rate of heat transfer is zero.
- The thermometer and the patient’s body are at the same temperature. The thermometer reading shows the temperature of the patient’s body.

Specific heat capacity
1. Explain why water is normally used as a cooling agent or cooling system in a car engine radiator. ( 4 marks)
Answer:
- It doesn’t react to the inner part of the engine
- it take a long time to heat up water because high specific heat capacity
- can absorb large amount of heat energy
- cheap and easily available

Specific Latent Heat
(i) Your body sweats when you are feeling hot. How does sweating helps to cool down your body? [ 2 marks ]
(ii) Explain why a scald from steam is more serious than the one from boiling water?
[ 2 marks ]
Answer:
(i) - Water evaporates from the skin when we sweat.
- for water to evaporate it use heat from the body
(ii) - Steam has more heat than boiling water
- due to latent heat of vaporization

A student standing near the beach could feel the cool breeze from the sea on a hot day. Explain how the cool breeze from the sea occurs. [3 marks ]
Answer:
- The increase in temperature for land is higher
- The air above land is heated up
- Cooler air from the sea moves towards land

Chapter 5:Light
Reflection of light
Optical Fibre
(ii) With the help of a diagram, explain the working principle of an optical fibre. [4 marks]
Answer:
- Diagram shows a curved optical fibre (with outer and internal layer) with at least two total internal reflection
- The refractive index of the internal layer of the optical fibre is greater than that of the external layer or air
- Angle of incidence, i > critical angle, c
- Total internal reflection occur

Describe how you estimate the focal length of a convex lens. [4 marks]
Answer:
- The convex lens with its holder is aimed at a distant object like a tree.
- Adjust a screen until you see a very sharp and clear image of the distant
object.
- When parallel light rays from a distant object pass through a convex lens, they
will converge to a point called focal point/ label on a diagram
- Measure the distance between the convex lens and screen./ label on a diagram

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