Two Moons on August 27 2009?

Mars as big as the moon on August 27, 2009?

The Red Planet is about to be spectacular! 

This month and next, Earth is catching up with Mars in an encounter that will culminate in the closest approach between the two planets in recorded history. 

The next time Mars may come this close is in 2287. 

Due to the way Jupiter's gravity tugs on Mars and perturbs its orbit, astronomers can only be certain that Mars has not come this close to Earth in the Last 5,000 years, but it may be as long as 60,000 years before it happens again. The encounter will culminate on August 27th when Mars comes to within 34,649,589 miles of Earth and will be (next to the moon) the brightest object in the night sky. It will attain a magnitude of -2.9 and will appear 25.11 arc seconds wide. 

At a modest 75-power magnification Mars will look as large as the full moon to the naked eye

sama-sama kita saksikan benar atau tidak...di bulan puasa nanti...

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PROGRAM SMART PHYSICS 2009

BAKAL PELAJAR PHYSICS A1..

SEMOGA KESUNGGUHAN INI AKAN BERTERUSAN HINGGA SPM 2009............

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Kelebihan Solat Berjemaah Menurut Teori Fizik
Seorang professor fizik di Amerika Syarikat telah membuat satu kajian tentang kelebihan solat berjemaah yang disyariatkan dalam Islam.Katanya tubuh badan kita mengandungi dua cas elektrik iatu cas positif dan cas negatif. Dalam aktiviti harian kita sama ada bekerja, beriadah atau berehat, sudah tentu banyak tenaga digunakan.
Dalam proses pembakaran tenaga, banyak berlaku pertukaran cas positif dan cas negatif, yang menyebabkan ketidakseimbangan dalam tubuh kita. Ketidakseimbangan cas dalam badan menyebabkan kita rasa letih dan lesu setelah menjalankan aktiviti seharian.Oleh itu cas-cas ini perlu diseimbangkan semula untuk mengembalikan kesegaran tubuh ke tahap normal.
Berkaitan dengan solat berjemaah, timbul persoalan di minda professor ini mengapa Islam mensyariatkan solat berjemah dan mengapa solat lima waktu yang didirikan orang Islam mempunyai bilangan rakaat yang tidak sama.Hasil kajiannya mendapati bilangan rakaat yang berbeza dalam solat kita bertindak menyeimbangkan cas-cas dalam badan kita.Semasa kita solat berjemaah, kita disuruh meluruskan saf, bahu bertemu bahu dan bersentuhan tapak kaki.Tindakan-tindakan yang dianjurkan semasa solat berjemaah itu mempunyai berbagai kelebihan.
Kajian sains mendapati sentuhan yang berlaku antara tubuh kita dengan tubuh ahli jemaah lain yang berada di kiri dan kanan kita akan menstabilkan kembali cas-cas yang diperlukan oleh tubuh.Ia berlaku apabila cas yang berlebihan-sama ada negatif atau positif akan dikeluarkan, manakala yang berkurangan akan ditarik ke dalam kita.Semakin lama pergeseran ini berlaku, semakin seimbang cas dalam tubuh kita.
Menurut beliau lagi, setiap kali kita bangun dari tidur, badan kita akan merasa segar dan sihat setelah berehat berapa jam. Ketika ini tubuh kita mengandungi cas-cas positif dan negatif yang hampir seimbang.Oleh itu, kita hanya memerlukan sedikit lagi proses pertukaran cas agar keseimbangan penuh dapat dicapai.Sebab itu, solat Subuh didirikan 2 rakaat.
Seterusnya, setelah sehari kita bekerja kuat dan memerah otak semua cas ini kembali tidak stabil akibat kehilangan cas lebih banyak daripada tubuh.Oleh itu, kita memerlukan lebih banyak pertukaran cas.Solat jemaah yang disyariatkan Islam berperanan untuk memulihkan keseimbangan cas-cas berkenaan.Sebab itu, solat Zohor didirikan 4 rakaat untuk memberi ruang yang lebih kepada proses pertukaran cas dakam tubuh.
Situasi yang sama turut berlaku di sebelah petang.Banyak tenaga dikeluarkan ketika menyambung kembali tugas.Ini menyebabkan sekali lagi kita kehilangan cas yang banyak.Seperti mana solat Zohor, 4 rakaat solat Asar yang dikerjakanakan memberikan ruang kepada proses pertukaran cas dengan lebih lama.Lazimnya, selepas waktu Asar dan pulang dari kerja kita tidak lagimelakukan aktiviti-aktiviti yang banyak menggunakan tenaga.Masa yang diperuntukkan pula tidak begitu lama.Maka, solat Maghrib hanya dikerjakan sebanyak 3 rakaat adalah lebih sesuai dengan penggunaan tenaga yang kurang berbanding 2 waktu sebelumnya.
Timbul persoalan di fikiran professor itu tentang solat Isyak yang mengandungi 4 rakaat.Logiknya, pada waktu malam kita tidak banyak melakukan aktiviti dan sudah tentu tidak memerlukan proses pertukaran cas yang banyak.Setelah kajian lanjut, didapati terdapat keistimewaan mengapa Allah mensyariatkan 4 rakat dalam solat Isyak.Kita sedia maklum, umat Islam amat digalakkan untuk tidur awal agar mampu bangun menunaikan tahajjud di sepertiga malam.Ringkasnya, solat Isyak sebanyak 4 rakaat itu akan menstabilkan cas dalam badan serta memberikan tenaga untuk kita bangun malam (qiamullail).Dalam kajiannya, professor ini mendapati bahawa Islam adalah satu agama yang lengkap dan istimewa.Segala amalan dan suruhan Allah Taala itu mempunyai hikmah ynag tersirat untuk kebaikan umat Islam itu sendiri.
Beliau merasakan betapa kerdilnya diri dan betapa hebatnya Pencipta alam ini.Akhirnya, dengan hidayah Allah beliau memeluk agama Islam.Wallahualam.(apepun, kita renung kembali kepada firman Allah Ta'ala dalam surah az-Zariyyat yang bermaksud : " dan tidaklah Aku jadikan Jin dan Manusia itu kecuali mereka beribadat kepada-KU"):: maka benarlah Allah yang Maha Berkuasa ::

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MR. CHIA SONG CHOY

PENGETUA CEMERLANG

Biography – Mr. Chia Song Choy

Mr. Chia Song Choy was born in Malaysia in 1957. He obtained his B.Sc. (Hons) and Diploma in Education from National University Malaysia (UKM) in 1981. He also obtained his M.Sc. in the field of Physics Education Research (PER) from UKM in 1998. He was the Senior Principal of SMT Kuala Klawang, Negeri Sembilan Darul Khusus October 2005-June 2009. Currently he is the Senior Principal of SMT Perdagangan, Johor Bahru, the Cluster School of Malaysia.

As the chairman of the Malaysian Institute of Physics (Physics Education Subgroup), and the chairman of the selection and training committee of the Asian Physics Olympiad (APhO) & International Physics Olympiad (IPhO) as well as the key personnel in the International Space Station (ISS) Physics Education Programs , Mr. Chia has been very instrumental in numerous physics related activities at both the national and international levels. He was elected to be a Fellow of the Malaysian Institute of Physics (FIPM) in 1997 for his outstanding contributions to the physics community.

Being a member of the Text Book Panel appointed by the Ministry of Education , Mr. Chia oversees the publication of textbooks in relating to Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Additional Science, Physics Practical Workbooks as well as Physics Modules through Contextual Learning Approach. Mr. Chia himself is a renowned textbook author and has written numerous textbooks including the Form 4 and Form 5 Physics Text Book of the Integrated Secondary School Curriculum (KBSM) .

Mr. Chia is the winner of the Toray Science Educational Award in 1995, the Tech. Prep Fellowship Programs , CORD, Texas , USA in 1996, and also Excellence Service Award ( APC ), Ministry of Education Malaysia 1997 and 2003. He was the Team Leader at APhO/IPhO Indonesia (2000), Singapore (2002), Vietnam (2004), Spain (2005) and Iran (2007).

Mr. Chia can be contacted at:

E-mail : csongc_2006@yahoo.com.my

Handphone: +6012-6080460

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EXPLANATION- Form 4

Chapter 2: Force and Motion
Implusive Force
In two separate boxing ring, a kick-boxer Thailand fights without wearing boxing gloves whereas a boxer from Malaysia fights with a pair of boxing gloves. Explain who will cause more injury to their opponent if both boxers punch with the same force. (3 marks)
Answer:
- Thai boxer
- Without wearing boxing gloves, the time for change momentum is shorter.
- The impulsive force is larger.

Gravitational Force
Explain why it is easier to walk on a rough surface than on an oily surface (4 marks)
Answer:
- A rough surface produce more friction.
- Therefore better grip and less slipping between the soles and the surface. Thus easier to walk.
- An oily surface reduces contact between the soles and the surface no opposing force will act
- Therefore difficult to walk.

Energy
A stone which released from a tall building falls down in the air. During the fall, the stone experiences an energy change. Explain the energy changes in the stone. (4 marks)
Answer:
- Total energy at any time is constant
- As the stone falls, gravitational potential energy convert to kinetic energy
- Gravitational potential is maximum at the highest point
- Kinetic energy converts to heat and sound when it hits the ground.

Elasticity
Explain how the forces between the molecules cause the elasticity
Answer:
- The forces between the molecules are attractive forces and repulsive forces
- When the solid is stretched, the molecules to be displaced away from each other
- Attractive intermolecular forces act to oppose the stretching
- When the solid is compressed, the molecules are being displaced closer to each other. Repulsive forces are acting to oppose the compression.

Chapter 3: Force and Pressure

Atmospheric pressure
Explain why places at high altitude the temperature is colder compare to places at low altitude which is more warmer.
Answer:
- high altitude low density of air
- less collision of molecules with surface
- low altitude high density of air
- more collision of molecules with surface
- if more collision of molecules with surface, heat energy are more produced. So that low collision is more warmer.

Pressure in Liquid
A small bubble of air is released from the bottom of a lake.
(i) Explain what happens to the size of bubble as it rises to the surface of the water.
[2 marks]
(ii) Explain how this change affects the upward motion of the bubble.
[2 marks] Answer:
(i) - The pressure of water increases with the depth of the water
- The bubble expands upon reaching the surface of the water//The volume of air bubble increases as the depth of water decreases
(ii) - Buoyant force increases as the volume of the bubble increases
- The air bubble moving with increasing acceleration

Siphon
Explain how a siphon works to transfer liquid from one container to another. (4 marks)
Answer:
- The siphon works based on pressure difference
- Air pressure in the inner tube is less than the atmospheric pressure outside the tube.
- The atmospheric pressure pushes the surface of liquid
- Causes the liquid to flow into the column of the tube. (to the other side of the tube into the other container)

Buoyant Force
1. Explain why a ship may sink when it sails from sea water to fresh water. ( 3 marks)
Answer:
1. In the sea, buoyant force > weight of the ship
2. When the ship in the river, density of water< density of sea, so buoyant force decrease
3. The weight of the ship > the buoyant force ,so the ship will sink

2. Explain why a balloon filled with helium gas rises up in the air. (4 marks)
Answer:
- The balloon acted by two forces: upthrust and the weight of the balloon
- The density of helium gas is less than the density of surrounding air.
- Upthrust equal to the weight of the air displaced by the balloon
- Upthrust is higher than the weight of the balloon.

5. Explain why the sinking levels of the boats are different in the river and in the sea.
[3 marks]
Answer:
- Sea water is denser
- Boat displaced less sea water and gain the same upthrust .
- Therefore boat sinks less in sea water

6. The submarine is able to submerge in the sea.
Explain how a submarine on the sea surface submerges and float still on the sea surface.
Answer:
- When the ballast tank is filled with water,
- The buoyant force is smaller than the weight of the submarine. It will
sink/submerges
- When the ballast tank is filled with air / when the water pumps out,
- the buoyant force is larger than the weight of the submarine, and it will float.

Hydrometer
A hydromater is used to measure the density of acid a car battery. Using a suitable physisc principle, explain how the hyromater works. (4marks)
Answer:
- related principle is the Archimedes’ Principle.
- Draw a diagram of hyrometer correctly ( small and long stem, with big bulb with lead or steell balls)
- When a hydromater floats in a liquid, the buoyant force is equal to the weight of the hydromater
- Bouyant force = rVg / depends on density of liquid
- The smalleer the density of the liquid, the more liquid it displaces and the deeper the hydromater will sink

Bernoulli Principle
The aircraft obtains its lift when flying due to a difference in pressure of the air between the upper and bottom sides of the wings. Explain how this difference in pressure is produced.
[3 marks]
Answer:
- The shape of cross section of the wing causes the speed of airflow
- Above the wings to be higher than the speed of airflow below
- When the speed of moving air is higher, the pressure is lower
- Hence air pressure below the wings is higher compare to above the wings

Pascal Principle
Using a concept of pressure in liquid, explain why the hydraulic system in this machine is known as a force multiplier. (4 marks)
Answer:
1. When the small piston is pulled up, the hydraulic oil is drawn from the reservoir into the small piston
2. When the small piston is pushed down , the hydraulic oil is exerted with force and experienced a pressure
3. The pressure is transmitted uniformly from the small piston to the bigpiston.
4. The forced produced raised the big piston / The system can convert a small input force into a bigger output force.

Chapter 4: Heat
Thermal equilibrium
1. Explain how a new thermometer can be calibrated. [4 marks]
Answer:
- Put the thermometer in melting ice, mark the lower part of mercury thread,l0
- Place the same thermometer in the boiling water, mark the top part of the mercury thread, l 100
- Divide the length between the two marks into 100 equal divisions
- Each division is now equal to 1 o C

2. According to the principle of thermal equilibrium and the working principle of a thermometer, explain how a doctor can check his patient temperature during medical treatment. [ 4 mark ]
Answer:
- Thermometer is placed in the mouth of patient,
- Heat is transferred from patient’s body to the thermometer.
- Thermal equilibrium between the thermometer and patient’s body is reached when the net rate of heat transfer is zero.
- The thermometer and the patient’s body are at the same temperature. The thermometer reading shows the temperature of the patient’s body.

Specific heat capacity
1. Explain why water is normally used as a cooling agent or cooling system in a car engine radiator. ( 4 marks)
Answer:
- It doesn’t react to the inner part of the engine
- it take a long time to heat up water because high specific heat capacity
- can absorb large amount of heat energy
- cheap and easily available

Specific Latent Heat
(i) Your body sweats when you are feeling hot. How does sweating helps to cool down your body? [ 2 marks ]
(ii) Explain why a scald from steam is more serious than the one from boiling water?
[ 2 marks ]
Answer:
(i) - Water evaporates from the skin when we sweat.
- for water to evaporate it use heat from the body
(ii) - Steam has more heat than boiling water
- due to latent heat of vaporization

A student standing near the beach could feel the cool breeze from the sea on a hot day. Explain how the cool breeze from the sea occurs. [3 marks ]
Answer:
- The increase in temperature for land is higher
- The air above land is heated up
- Cooler air from the sea moves towards land

Chapter 5:Light
Reflection of light
Optical Fibre
(ii) With the help of a diagram, explain the working principle of an optical fibre. [4 marks]
Answer:
- Diagram shows a curved optical fibre (with outer and internal layer) with at least two total internal reflection
- The refractive index of the internal layer of the optical fibre is greater than that of the external layer or air
- Angle of incidence, i > critical angle, c
- Total internal reflection occur

Describe how you estimate the focal length of a convex lens. [4 marks]
Answer:
- The convex lens with its holder is aimed at a distant object like a tree.
- Adjust a screen until you see a very sharp and clear image of the distant
object.
- When parallel light rays from a distant object pass through a convex lens, they
will converge to a point called focal point/ label on a diagram
- Measure the distance between the convex lens and screen./ label on a diagram

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